Censura y Destape : la Performatividad del Arte Chileno durante la Dictadura al Presente
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Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación
Abstract
El presente trabajo analiza el papel de la performatividad artística contestataria como herramienta de resistencia frente a contextos de opresión, tomando como referencia tanto la dictadura militar de Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990) como las movilizaciones sociales recientes en Chile. Se examina cómo el arte desafía las estructuras de poder, conserva la memoria colectiva y reconfigura las formas de expresión política. Se plantea cómo y por qué la performatividad de resistencia logra erigirse en un medio eficaz para enfrentar la censura y la represión. En este sentido, se entiende que la censura misma es performativa, en tanto que produce efectos materiales y simbólicos que buscan normalizar la exclusión de ciertas expresiones. No obstante, el arte responde con una performatividad a contrapelo de la performatividad textual impuesta desde el poder, generando actos subversivos que eluden o reconfiguran sus restricciones.
Además, se explora cómo las prácticas artísticas generan nuevas narrativas frente al discurso oficial, abriendo posibilidades para la expresión creativa y la disrupción del orden establecido. Se plantea la pregunta de cómo estas prácticas pueden facilitar el surgimiento de formas innovadoras de resistencia que cuestionan la hegemonía ideológica dominante. La metodología adoptada es de carácter interdisciplinario, integrando un análisis histórico con enfoques de estudios culturales, con el objetivo de examinar a fondo la relación entre el arte y los procesos sociales, tanto durante períodos de represión como en escenarios de postdictadura.
Abstract This paper analyses the role of the conestant artistic performativity as a tool of resistance in contexts of oppression, taking as a reference both the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990) and recent social mobilizations in Chile. It examines how art challenges power structures, preserves collective memory and reconfigures forms of political expression. It raises the question of how and why the performance of resistance manages to become an effective means of confronting censorship and repression. In this sense, it is understood that censorship itself is performative, insofar as it produces material and symbolic effects that seek to normalise the exclusion of certain expressions. However, art responds with a performativity that goes against the grain of the textual performativity imposed by power, generating subversive acts that evade or reconfigure its restrictions. In addition, it explores how artistic practices generate new narratives in the face of official discourse, opening up possibilities for creative expression and the disruption of the established order. The question is raised as to how these practices can facilitate the emergence of innovative forms of resistance that challenge the dominant ideological hegemony. The methodology adopted is interdisciplinary in nature, integrating historical analysis with cultural studies approaches, with the aim of thoroughly examining the relationship between art and social processes, both during periods of repression and in post-dictatorship scenarios.
Abstract This paper analyses the role of the conestant artistic performativity as a tool of resistance in contexts of oppression, taking as a reference both the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990) and recent social mobilizations in Chile. It examines how art challenges power structures, preserves collective memory and reconfigures forms of political expression. It raises the question of how and why the performance of resistance manages to become an effective means of confronting censorship and repression. In this sense, it is understood that censorship itself is performative, insofar as it produces material and symbolic effects that seek to normalise the exclusion of certain expressions. However, art responds with a performativity that goes against the grain of the textual performativity imposed by power, generating subversive acts that evade or reconfigure its restrictions. In addition, it explores how artistic practices generate new narratives in the face of official discourse, opening up possibilities for creative expression and the disruption of the established order. The question is raised as to how these practices can facilitate the emergence of innovative forms of resistance that challenge the dominant ideological hegemony. The methodology adopted is interdisciplinary in nature, integrating historical analysis with cultural studies approaches, with the aim of thoroughly examining the relationship between art and social processes, both during periods of repression and in post-dictatorship scenarios.